ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize the phonological skills of low-income preschool children in a city in the Natal in the Northeast, Brazil. Methods The researchers assessed the phonological skills of 90 children (from 5 to 6:11) in early childhood education in three public schools located in regions of social and economic vulnerability. The evaluators used the phonology subtests of the Test of Childhood language (ABFW) children's language test. In addition to performing the standard analysis they examined the following: Phonological Processes (PP), Percentage of Correct Consonants (PCC), Percentage of Correct Consonants Revised (PCC-R), and Process Density Index (PDI). The Spearman's Correlation Coefficient test was used to analyze for correlations among the PCC, PCC-R, and PDI. Results According to the cutoff values of children who speak Brazilian Portuguese (BP), adequacy of the PCC and PCC-R values was observed in most participants (PCC: 82 children - 91.1%; PCC-R: 87 children - 94.6%). The processes of liquid simplification (LS), consonant clusters simplification (CCS), final consonant simplification (FCS) were productive of which the CCS (32.2%) and FCS (20%) are still expected for age and LS are not. There was a robust negative correlation between the variables PCC x PDI and PCC-R x PDI. Conclusion Most children showed adequate phonological development. Variations were observed in syllabic segments, especially in the coda, which reflect the influence of regional linguistic differences. The evidence obtained regarding the phonological performance of children within this region contributes to a more accurate speech-language diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o sistema fonológico de crianças pré-escolares de baixa renda da cidade de Natal, Nordeste do Brasil. Método Foi analisado o nível fonológico de 90 crianças da educação infantil de três escolas públicas localizadas em regiões de vulnerabilidade social. Foi utilizado o instrumento ABFW, nomeação e imitação, por meio da análise tradicional e das medidas de Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas (PCC), Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas Revisado (PCC-R) e Índice de Ocorrência de Processos (PDI). Para análise estatística inferencial foi utilizado o teste do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman para analisar a correlação entre as variáveis PCC, PCC-R e PDI. Resultados De acordo com os valores de corte das crianças que falam Português Brasileiro (PB), a adequação dos valores da PCC e PCC-R foi observada na maioria dos participantes (PCC: 82 crianças - 91,1%; PCC R: 87 crianças - 94,6%). Os processos de simplificação de líquidas (SL), simplificação de encontros consonantais (SEC), simplificação de consoante final (SCF) foram produtivos dos quais o CCS (32,2%) e FCS (20%) ainda são esperados para a idade e SL não. Houve correlação negativa muito forte entre as variáveis PCC x PDI e PCC-R x PDI. Conclusão A maioria das crianças apresentou desenvolvimento fonológico adequado. Foram observadas variações nos segmentos silábicos, principalmente na coda, que refletem a influência das diferenças linguísticas regionais. As evidências obtidas sobre o desempenho fonológico das crianças dessa região contribuem para um diagnóstico fonoaudiológico mais preciso.

ABSTRACT Objective: A study at Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto in 2011 revealed suboptimal control of inpatient hyperglycemia and a similar one was carried out in 2020. This study compares the results of 2011 and 2020 regarding prevalence of hyperglycemia, metabolic control, treatment and glycemic profile by infection/non-infection diagnosis. Subjects and methods: We performed two cross-sectional studies on 13th December 2011 and 9th October 2020 that included all non-critical adults with at least 24 hours of hospitalization, with no specific intervention between them. Glycemic control evaluated by minimum and maximum capillary blood glucose (CBG) in the previous day categorized as hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), normoglycemia (70-179 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (≥180 mg/dL) (SPSS v.20). Results: A total of 418 and 445 patients were respectively included in 2011 and 2020 studies and the prevalence of hyperglycemia was similar. Glycemic control improved numerically although not significantly in 2020: increase in normoglycemia, reduction in hyperglycemia and reduction in hypoglycemia. There was an increase in the use of basal-bolus regimens (19.6% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.009) and a decrease in human basal (p < 0.01) and rapid-acting insulin use (p = 0.001) with a proportional increase in long-acting (p = 0.002) and rapid-acting analogs (p < 0.001) use. There was a higher prevalence of infection (39.8% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.006) in 2020 and, in the infection subgroup, there were higher insulinization rates (37.3% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.017) and a trend to glycemic control improvement. Conclusion: Despite the higher insulinization rates, the preference for new insulin analogs and a trend to better glycemic control, we have not yet reached targets, so education still remains necessary.

Abstract Background The association between lipoprotein levels and late-onset neonatal sepsis has shown controversial results. The aims are to assess lipid profile, cytokines, and Monocyte-to-HDL (M/H) ratio as diagnostic and prognostic markers for late-onset neonatal sepsis. Methods This prospective study included 49 septic neonates and 17 controls. Cholesterol (CT), Triglyceride (TG), Very-Low-Density (VLDLc), Low-Density (LDLc), and High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLc) were measured at admission (D0) and on days 3, 7 and 10 to evaluate septic shock outcomes. Cytokines and monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Septic newborns showed higher IL-6 and IL-8 at D0 and CT levels on D7 and on D10, which also presented higher TG, VLDLc and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations than controls. The septic shock group (n = 22) revealed a higher number of male subjects, CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels, while lower TG, HDLc, monocyte numbers and M/H ratio at admission compared to the non-shock group (n = 27). M/H ratio and non-HDL cholesterol on D0 were risk factors for septic shock (OR = 0.70, 0.49‒0.99; OR = 0.96, 0.92‒0.99, respectively). Decreasing levels from D0 to D3 of CT (OR = 0.96, 0.93‒0.99), VLDLc (OR = 0.91, 0.85‒0.98), and non-HDL cholesterol (OR = 0.92, 0.87‒0.98) were also predictors of septic shock. Conclusions Lower M/H ratios and non-HDL cholesterol at admission and decreasing levels of cholesterol, VLDLc and non-HDL cholesterol during a hospital stay are associated with the development of septic shock in newborns with late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Resumo Ehrlichia canis é o principal agente etiológico da erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC), uma doença infecciosa canina globalmente dispersa. No Brasil, a EMC é considerada endêmica, e a infecção pode atingir 65% em cães em alguns estados. O diagnóstico de erliquiose é importante para fins de tratamento e epidemiológicos. A proteína TRP36 de E. canis leva a uma resposta humoral com produção de anticorpos em fase aguda, encontrada durante o curso da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi obter a proteína TRP36 recombinante da amostra São Paulo de E. canis e avaliar seu potencial como ferramenta para o diagnóstico sorológico da CME. O isolado de E. canis São Paulo foi cultivado em células da linhagem DH82 e o DNA genômico foi obtido. O fragmento de DNA bacteriano que codifica toda a ORF de TRP36 foi clonado no vetor pBAD / Thio-TOPO e transformado em células competentes Escherichia coli DH10B, com o plasmídeo portador de trp36 para expressão de proteínas. Para avaliar a antigenicidade da proteína, 16 amostras de soro canino foram previamente analisadas (por PCR e teste sorológico comercial SNAP®4Dx®). Os resultados estavam de acordo com o teste SNAP®4Dx®. Os experimentos que utilizam essa proteína recombinante como antígeno, visando ao desenvolvimento de um teste sorológico baseado no ELISA, são o próximo passo para produzir um teste de diagnóstico confiável, acessível e útil para o diagnóstico da EMC no Brasil.

Abstract Ehrlichia canis is the main etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a globally canine infectious disease. In Brazil, CME is considered to be endemic, and its prevalence can reach 65% in some states. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is important for treatment and epidemiological purposes. The E. canis TRP36 (Tandem Repeat Protein) protein elicits the earliest acute-phase antibody response observed during the course of the disease. This study aimed to generate the recombinant TRP36 protein from E. canis São Paulo strain and to evaluate its potential as a tool for the serologic diagnosis of CME. The E. canis São Paulo isolate was cultivated in DH82 lineage cells, and its genomic DNA was obtained. The bacterial DNA fragment encoding the entire ORF of TRP36 was cloned into the pBAD/Thio-TOPO vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells with the trp36-bearing plasmid for protein expression. To evaluate the protein antigenicity, 16 canine serum samples were previously tested (by PCR and the commercial SNAP®4Dx® serological test). The results were in accordance with the SNAP®4Dx® test. Experiments using this recombinant protein as an antigen, targeting the development of a serologic test based on ELISA methodology, are the next step to produce a reliable, affordable and useful diagnostic tool for CME in Brazil.

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a criação da Faculdade de Direito no Vale do Paraíba em 1954, na cidade de São José dos Campos. Por meio de depoimentos de pessoas que viveram nesse período e publicações de jornais, foi possível concluir que a Faculdade foi criada como consequência da vontade da elite local de criar uma instituição de ensino privada que melhorasse a imagem da cidade e dos atores locais.

Abstract: This work aims to discuss the creation of the Faculty of Law in the Vale do Paraíba in 1954, in the city of São José dos Campos. Through testimony from people who lived in this period and newspaper publications, it was possible to conclude that the Faculty was created as a consequence of the will of the local elite to create a private educational institution that would improve the image of the city and the local actors.

Resumen: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la creación de la Facultad de Derecho en el Vale do Paraíba en 1954, en la ciudad de São José dos Campos. Por medio de testimonios de personas que vivieron en ese período y publicaciones de periódicos, fue posible concluir que la Facultad fue creada como consecuencia de la voluntad de la élite local de crear una institución de enseñanza privada que mejorara la imagen de la ciudad y de los actores locales.

Résumé: Ce travail vise à discuter la création de la Faculté de Droit du Vale do Paraíba en 1954, dans la ville de São José dos Campos. Grâce à des témoignages de personnes qui vivaient à cette époque et à des publications de journaux, il a été possible de conclure que la Faculté était née de la volonté de l’élite locale de créer un établissement d’enseignement privé qui améliorerait l’image de la ville et des acteurs locaux.

BACKGROUND Melanin production has been associated with virulence in various pathogenic fungi, including Fonsecaea pedrosoi, the major etiological agent for chromoblastomycosis, a subcutaneous fungal disease that occurs in South America. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acid-basic extracted F. pedrosoi melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts obtained by Novozym 234 treatment on their ability to activate the human complement system. METHODS The ability of melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts to activate the human complement system was evaluated by complement consumption, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FINDINGS Unsensitised melanin particles and melanin ghosts presented complement consumption of 82.67 ± 2.08% and 96.04 ± 1.13%, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays revealed intense deposition of the C3 and C4 fragments on the surface of melanin particles and ghosts extracted from F. pedrosoi. Deposition of the C3, C4, and C5 fragments onto melanin samples and zymosan was confirmed by ELISA. Deposition of small amounts of C1q and C9 onto melanin samples and zymosan was detected by ELISA. CONCLUSION Fonsecaea pedrosoi melanin particles and fungal cell ghosts activated the complement system mainly through an alternative pathway.

ABSTRACT Objectives to profile smokers enrolled in the smoking cessation program of the Triangulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM) in Uberaba, Minas Gerais, and to list the factors associated with successful treatment. Method this retrospective study conducted between February 2009 and December 2013 was approved by the UFTM research ethics committee (Protocol 2272). The medical records of 305 smokers were analyzed using a specifically constructed data collection instrument. Results the service had no free medication for treatment and only 47 (15.4%) of the smokers were successfully treated. Multiple binomial logistic regression revealed a positive correlation and statistical significance only among individuals who used treatment support medication (p < 0.001). Conclusion in order for measures to be more effective, strategies for approaching smokers should comprise a knowledge of patient profiles and provision of treatment medication.

RESUMEN Objetivos identificar el perfil de los fumadores registrados en el programa de cesación del tabaquismo de la Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) en el municipio de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, y relacionar los factores asociados al éxito terapéutico. Método estudio retrospectivo entre febrero de 2009 y diciembre de 2013, aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación de la UFTM, protocolo 2272. Se han analizado las historias clínicas de 305 fumadores a través de un instrumento de recolección de datos. Resultados el servicio no disponía de medicación gratuita para el tratamiento y sólo 47 (15,4%) fumadores tuvieron éxito terapéutico. Se observó relación positiva y significancia estadística, a través de la regresión logística binominal múltiple, únicamente entre los individuos que utilizaron medicación de apoyo para el tratamiento (p <0,001). Conclusión conocer el perfil de los pacientes, como también el suministro de medicamento para el tratamiento debe formar parte de las estrategias de abordaje del fumador para que las acciones sean más eficaces

RESUMO Objetivos identificar o perfil dos tabagistas cadastrados no programa de cessação do tabagismo da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), no município de Uberaba, Minas Gerais, e relacionar os fatores associados ao sucesso terapêutico. Método estudo retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da UFTM, sob o protocolo nº 2272. Foram analisados os prontuários de 305 tabagistas por meio de instrumento de coleta de dados criado pelos pesquisadores. Resultados o serviço não dispunha de medicação gratuita para o tratamento e apenas 47 (15,4%) tabagistas conseguiram sucesso terapêutico. Observou-se relação positiva e significância estatística, através da regressão logística binominal múltipla, somente entre os indivíduos que utilizaram medicação suporte para o tratamento (p<0,001). Conclusão conhecer o perfil dos pacientes, bem como o fornecimento de medicamento para o tratamento deve fazer parte das estratégias de abordagem do tabagista para que as ações sejam mais eficazes.

Resumo Objetivo: descrever as alterações tireoidianas em recém-nascidos de termo (RNT) que apresentaram sepse fúngica durante internação na UTI neonatal. Método: foram incluídos seis RNT que, durante as manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais de sepse, com culturas positivas para fungo, apresentaram alterações dos hormônios tireoidianos, denominadas síndrome do T3 baixo e síndrome do T3 e T4 baixo. Foram excluídos RNT que apresentaram alteração hormonal por doença, como RNT filhos de mães com doença tireoidiana, asfixia perinatal e cirurgias de grande porte. Resultados: dos seis RNT com sepse fúngica, cinco apresentavam cultura positiva para Candida albicans e um para C. tropicalis. A síndrome do T3 baixo foi observada em duas crianças (50%) e a do T3 e T4 baixo em dois RN (100%). As quatro crianças evoluíram com choque séptico. Conclusão: a sepse fúngica é cada vez mais frequente nos recém-nascidos internados em UTI neonatal. A insuficiência tireoidiana pode vir a ser marcadora de gravidade da doença, e a suplementação hormonal pode ser necessária.

Summary Objective: To describe thyroid alterations in term newborns (TNB) with fungal sepsis during NICU hospitalization. Method: The study included six TNB that during the clinical and laboratory manifestations of sepsis with positive cultures for fungus showed changes in thyroid hormones, called low T3 syndrome and low T3-T4 syndrome. TNB that could present hormonal changes caused by disease as those born to mothers with thyroid disease, or who had perinatal asphyxia and major surgeries were excluded. Results: Of six TNB with fungal sepsis, five had positive culture for Candida albicans and one had positive culture for Candida tropicalis. Low T3 syndrome was observed in two TNB (50%), while T3-T4 syndrome was observed in other two (100%). The four children progressed to septic shock. Conclusion: Fungal sepsis is becoming more common among newborns admitted to NICU. Thyroid insufficiency could be a marker of disease severity with possible need for hormone supplementation.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess hormonal changes in nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in full-term newborns (NT) with sepsis. Materials and methods We included 28 NT with sepsis divided into 2 groups according to the time of normalization of serum and clinical indicators of infection: group A(A), 16 NT with improvement in up to 8 days; and group B(B), 12 NT improvement after 8 days. Among the 28 NT, 15 NT progressed to septic shock, with 5 NT group A and 10 NT in group B. NT were excluded when they showed severe sepsis and asphyxia, and congenital malformations, as well as those whose mothers had thyroid disease and IUGR. Results 17 NT (60.7%) presented NTIS. Low T3 was observed in NTIS in 10 NT (58.8%), and low T4 and T3 in 5 NT (29.5%), all of them with septic shock. Two NT showed mixed changes (11.7%). After sepsis was cured, there was no hormonal change, except in 3 NT. Administration of dopamine, furosemide, and corticosteroids did not affect the results. Conclusions This study indicates that nonthyroidal illness syndrome may be transiently present during sepsis in full-term newborns, especially in cases of prolonged sepsis. Low T3 can occur without changes in reverse T3 (different from adults), and low T4 and T3 occur mainly in patients with septic shock. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(6):528-34

O presente artigo trata de uma Pesquisa-Ação, realizada em 2012 no UNIFESO, voltada à criação de novos cenários de aprendizagem. O projeto de pesquisa focalizou a criação de formas de apoio às iniciativas empreendedoras dos estudantes relacionadas ao campo de formação. A fase exploratória confirmou hipótese sobre demanda discente por apoio às suas ideias. A fase principal da pesquisa apontou para um descompasso entre a intenção de participação por parte dos estudantes e efetiva participação destes na ação. Entretanto, apesar da queda da presença discente ao longo do projeto, a proposta obteve representativa adesão de docentes e discentes, numa participação mais qualitativa, que entre outros resultados orientou o grupo para a criação de um empreendimento acadêmico. Um novo cenário de aprendizagem concretizou-se na instituição em 2013, com o desenvolvimento da Solução Empresa Junior de Consultoria, liderada por estudantes dos cursos do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia.

This article presents an Action Research, held in 2012 in UNIFESO, focusing on the creation of new learning scenarios. The research project focused on creating ways to support entrepreneurial initiatives of the students related to the field of training. The exploratory phase confirmed hypothesis about student demand for support for their ideas. The main phase of the research pointed to a mismatch between the intention of participation by students and effective participation of these in action. However, despite the drop in student presence throughout the project, the proposal has received membership representative of teachers and students in a more qualitative participation, among other results that guided the group to create an academic venture. A new scenario has manifested itself in the institution in 2013, with the development of Solution Consulting Company Junior, led by students of the courses at the Center for Science and Technology.

Introduction In this paper, we report the ecology of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Caxias City, located in the eastern part of State of Maranhão, Brazil and highlight its seasonal and geographical distribution by environment. In addition, we discuss natural Leishmania infection and its relationship with visceral leishmaniasis. Methods Between September 2007 and August 2009, the collection of sandflies was performed using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps from 15 houses in 5 selected neighborhoods. Results Lutzomyia longipalpis was present in all zones of the city. We also found that Lu. longipalpis was regularly detected both inside and around the house, predominantly in outdoor areas. In urban areas, Lu. longipalpis was present in both the dry and rainy seasons, with a higher density present in the latter. One female specimen of Lu. longipalpis was observed to have natural Leishmania infection. Conclusions The presence of Lu. longipalpis was observed throughout the year during 2 seasonal periods, with a predominance in the rainy season. A low rate of natural Leishmania infection was observed in urban areas during the rainy season.

Antígenos de ácaros da poeira domiciliar são utilizados por décadas para diagnóstico de doenças alérgicas em seres humanos e animais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar proteínas alergênicas presentes em extratos de Dermatophagoides farinae e Blomia tropicalis através de "immunoblotting" utilizando-se soros de animais alérgicos e conjugado anti-IgE canina. A análise por "immunoblotting" dos antígenos presentes no extrato de D. farinae (FDA Allergenic), utilizando soros de dez animais alérgicos, mostrou que oito soros reconhecem uma banda com peso molecular de aproximadamente 102 kDa; oito soros duas bandas entre 52 e 76 kDa; cinco soros uma banda com aproximadamente 76 kDa; quatro soros uma banda entre 31 e 38 kDa; e dois soros uma banda entre 12 e 17 kDa. A análise por "immunoblotting" dos antígenos do extrato de B. tropicalis (FDA Allergenic) mostrou que cinco soros reconhecem duas bandas com pesos moleculares entre 52 e 76 kDa. Esses resultados demonstram a importância dessas duas espécies de ácaros da poeira domiciliar na patogênese da dermatite atópica canina no Brasil, assim como indicam alérgenos que devem estar presentes nos extratos alergênicos utilizados para diagnóstico e imunoterapia alérgeno-específica.

House dust mite antigens have been used for decades to diagnose allergic diseases in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify allergens in commercial Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis extracts by immunoblotting using sera from allergic dogs and anti-dog IgE conjugate. The analysis of antigens present in the D. farinae extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 dogs allergic to D. farinae showed that eight sera recognized a band of approximately 102 kDa, eight recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa, five recognized one band of approximately 76 kDa, four recognized one band of 31 to 38 kDa, and two recognized one band of 12 to 17 kDa. Immunoblot assays of the B. tropicalis extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 animals allergic to B. tropicalis showed that five sera recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa. These results demonstrate the importance of the two house dust mite species for the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis in Brazil. In addition, the results indicate which allergens should be present in allergenic extracts used for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Os autores relatam o caso de uma menina de 10 anos de idade com diagnóstico de doença de Graves (DG), em tratamento com propiltiouracil, que desenvolveu uveíte e artrite poliarticular e cuja mãe também tem DG e lúpus discoide. São discutidos os diagnósticos diferenciais de artrite inflamatória que surge em uma criança com doença tireoidiana autoimune medicada com drogas antitireóideas.

The authors report the case of a 10-year-old girl with Graves' disease (GD), treated with propylthiouracil, who developed uveitis and polyarticular arthritis, and whose mother also had GD and discoid lupus. The differential diagnosis of inflammatory arthritis that appears in a child with autoimmune thyroid disease managed with antithyroid drugs is discussed.

Feeding a premature infant is a concern when it comes to neonatal care and breastfeeding has been recommended. However, not all services advocates breastfeeding to their patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sucking on the feeding bottle and on the breast regarding the oxygen saturation, skin temperature, heart as well as respiratory rates. Each of the premature infants was its own control, being submitted to bottle suction sections as well as breastfeeding sections. In total, 76 sections of suction were carried out, in which the variables skin temperature, heart and respiratory rates as well as oxygen saturation were monitored. Skin temperature and heart and respiratory rates did not present statistically significant differences. There were important alterations in oxygen saturation, with greater occurrence for feeding bottle. Breast suction was shown to be less stressful than the feeding bottle suction, concerning oxygen saturation.

La alimentación del prematuro es una preocupación en la asistencia neonatal y la lactancia materna ha sido recomendada. Sin embargo, ni todos los servicios preconizan alimentación al seno materno a esa clientela. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar los efectos de la succión al biberón y al seno materno sobre la saturación de oxígeno, temperatura cutánea, frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria. Se trata de estudio de caso, en el cual cada prematuro fue control de si mismo, siendo sometido a sesiones de succión al biberón y al seno materno. Se realizaron 76 sesiones de succión, en las cuales fueron monitoreadas las variables temperatura cutánea, frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria y saturación de oxígeno. La temperatura cutánea, frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significantes. Hubo alteraciones importantes en la saturación de oxígeno, con mayor incidencia para succión al biberón. Se concluyó que la succión al seno materno se reveló menos estresante que la succión al biberón cuanto a la saturación de oxígeno.

A alimentação do prematuro é uma preocupação na assistência neonatal e o aleitamento materno tem sido recomendado. Entretanto, nem todos os serviços preconizam alimentação ao seio materno a essa clientela. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os efeitos da sucção à mamadeira e ao seio materno sobre a saturação de oxigênio, temperatura cutânea, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória. Trata-se de estudo de caso, no qual cada prematuro foi controle dele próprio, sendo submetido a sessões de sucção à mamadeira e ao seio materno. Realizaram-se 76 sessões de sucção, nas quais se monitorou as variáveis temperatura cutânea, freqüência cardíaca e respiratória e saturação de oxigênio. A temperatura cutânea, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Houve alterações importantes na saturação de oxigênio, com maior ocorrência para sucção à mamadeira. Concluiu-se que a sucção ao seio materno mostrou-se menos estressante do que a sucção à mamadeira quanto à saturação de oxigênio.

OBJETIVO: Investigar o efeito da recuperação nutricional com farelo de arroz sobre o balanço energético e níveis de leptina e insulina. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar recém-desmamados foram alimentados com 17% (Controle - C) ou 0,5% (Aproteico - A) de proteína (caseína) durante 12 dias. Em seguida, ratos permaneceram com dieta controle (C) ou foram recuperados com controle (Recuperados Controle - RC) ou controle mais 5% de farelo de arroz (Recuperados com Farelo de Arroz - RFA) durante 21 dias. RESULTADOS: Apesar de a ingestão alimentar ter sido maior em A, a gordura na carcaça foi reduzida, sendo associada com menor nível de leptina. Os grupos RFA e RC tiveram redução no peso da carcaça, no gasto e ingestão de energia. O gasto energético foi correlacionado com a ingestão de alimentos e o peso da carcaça fresco. Foi observada correlação negativa entre HOMA-IR com gasto energético e com ingestão de energia. CONCLUSÃO: A recuperação nutricional com farelo de arroz não modificou o balanço energético, nem os níveis de leptina e insulina.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nutritional recovery with rice bran on energy balance, leptin and insulin levels. METHODS: Weaned Wistar rats were fed on a 17% (Control - C) or 0.5% (Aproteic - A) protein diet for 12d. After this, rats were kept on a C diet (C) or recovered with control (Recovered Control - RC) or control plus recovered rice bran diet (Recovered Rice Bran - RRB). RESULTS: Despite the increased food intake, group A exhibited lower carcass fat associated to low serum leptin. RRB and RC groups showed lower carcass weight and energy intake and expenditure. Energy expenditure was positively associated with food intake and carcass weight. Negative correlations between HOMA-IR and energy expenditure and energy intake were observed. CONCLUSION: Nutritional recovery with rice bran did not modify energy balance, leptin and insulin levels.